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The pattern is now right in front of you and all you have to do is move that pattern onto your canvas. You can mix colour to match each of those pattern shapes and brush them in with a big big brush very quickly. This saves a huge amount of time and anxiety. Now to develop the painting simply means turning that big shape into slightly smaller. The easiest way to pattern a wall with the least commitment is by using peel-and-stick wall decals like these found at Home Depot.This is a great option for children's rooms that might change style frequently, or for quotes and hand script that's perfectly legible, even if yours isn't.

Are you confused by the array of markings on sewing patterns? Dots and triangles, lines and arrows — it can be hard to make sense of them all. Just like symbols on a map, these markings guide your sewing journey.

Decode most common markings with this guide!

Pattern markings can be put into three general categories:

1. Fit adjustments
2. Cutting guides
3. Construction

Markings can be similar in these categories, so it pays to take a good look at your pattern pieces before you start a project and familiarize yourself with the markings.

Some markings differ from one pattern manufacturer to another. However, the basics — such as grain lines fold lines, and notches, all of which we’ll cover here — should be there.

Fit adjustments

Lines are found in all of the categories. Since you might adjust the fit of your pattern before doing anything else, the first marks to note are those that deal with pattern fit adjustments.

Lengthen or shorten here

This mark is a double line that is parallel to the grain line and is used to add or take away length. It is particularly useful on dress bodices where you can use it to adjust the waistline to hit you at the proper spot.

Size selection lines

Many patterns contain multiple sizes printed on one pattern tissue or PDF and have different dashed lines to indicate the size selection. It’s a good idea to go over the lines you want to use with a pen — I find colored pencils great for this task as they are soft, mark on the paper or tissue easily and don’t run through the paper as marking pens do.

Circumference measurements: bust, waist and hiplines

The circle with crossed lines in it indicates the where the pattern has been designed to land on specific body measurements. You will see these circles indicating the bust point, waistline and hip. Many patterns, but not all, have the actual circumference measurements marked next to the circle with crossed lines which is quite helpful. This measurement tells the actual circumference of the finished garment for each size at that point, so note that it does include design and wearing ease.

Cutting Guides

Cut on fold

Most patterns have one or more pieces that say “cut on fold.” They are often the backs of garments like shirts and jackets that button or close in the front. In a dress or skirt, the front plus their facings are cut on the fold. Pieces cut on the fold eliminate the seam that would be needed to join pieces.

Grain lines

Grain lines are generally marked on all pattern pieces and indicate how the pattern piece should be placed on the uncut fabric, in relation to the selvedges. Grain linee are typically placed parallel to the selvedge edge of the fabric. This example piece is an under collar, so the grain line is diagonal to the center back seam, indicating that the pattern piece is cut on the bias.

Construction

Pattern markings for constructing your garment are there to indicate how the pattern pieces sew together. They can show how to distribute ease, create darts, where to gather and even which part of the garment you are working with.

Notches

All sewing patterns seem to have some kind of notch mark. They can be triangles that stick out from the cutting line (commonly seen on vintage patterns), and many modern patterns have the triangles as shown here. A lot of European patterns have a small line instead of a triangle, but the idea is the same.

Your pattern instructions will show you which notches match up between the various components and how to join the cut pieces together.

Did you know the notches tell a story? Single notches are mostly found on the fronts of garments, including the sleeve and armhole front. Double notches appear on sleeve and armhole backs, as well as some back necklines. Triple notches are mostly seen on center back seams. These are not hard-and-fast rules but are helpful landmarks — especially when you need to tell the left from right sleeves.

Dots, squares and large triangles

Many sewing patterns have dots of various sizes as well as triangles or squares. These are found on the actual stitching line, as opposed to the cutting edge of the pattern piece. These dots are there to match up with their equivalent dot on another piece and guide your construction.

Large dots are often used to mark a collar and lapel edge. Other dots can tell you where to place the pocket lining or how to create a welt pocket. Triangles are often seen on collars or facings, and usually are matched to a shoulder or other seam. Squares seem to be used when the pattern designer has already used the other markings.

Darts

Darts are indicated on most patterns by a series of dots that create a triangle or other shape. Some patterns include a lot of dots and others are more minimal, with just the legs of the dart marked and then the point where the dart legs intersect. Some darts have shaping, such as vertical darts on a dress or shirt and the stitching lines for these can show where to sew the dart.

These are the basic pattern markings that guide you when fitting your pattern, cutting out your pieces and sewing them together. There are other markings that show pleats, pocket placement, gathers or other design features.

Without these dots, lines, and notches a sewing pattern would just be a shape ‚ so I am glad they are there! It really pays to transfer the markings to your fabric, along with the instruction sheet you have a roadmap to sewing success.

The options pattern uses classes to provide strongly-typed access to groups of related settings. When configuration settings are isolated by scenario into separate classes, the app adheres to two important software engineering principles:

• The Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) or Encapsulation: Scenarios (classes) that depend on configuration settings depend only on the configuration settings that they use.
• Separation of Concerns: Settings for different parts of the app aren't dependent or coupled to one another.

Options also provide a mechanism to validate configuration data. For more information, see the Options validation section.

Bind hierarchical configuration

The preferred way to read related configuration values is using the options pattern. The options pattern is possible through the IOptions<TOptions> interface, where the generic type parameter TOptions is constrained to class. The IOptions<TOptions> can later be provided through dependency injection. For more information, see Dependency injection in .NET.

For example, to read the following configuration values:

How To Make Paint Patterns

Create the following TransientFaultHandlingOptions class:

When using the options pattern, an options class:

• Must be non-abstract with a public parameterless constructor
• Contain public read-write properties to bind (fields are not bound)

The following code:

• Calls ConfigurationBinder.Bind to bind the TransientFaultHandlingOptions class to the 'TransientFaultHandlingOptions' section.
• Displays the configuration data.

In the preceding code, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are read.

ConfigurationBinder.Get<T> binds and returns the specified type. ConfigurationBinder.Get<T> may be more convenient than using ConfigurationBinder.Bind. The following code shows how to use ConfigurationBinder.Get<T> with the TransientFaultHandlingOptions class:

In the preceding code, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are read.

Important

The ConfigurationBinder class exposes several APIs, such as .Bind(object instance) and .Get<T>() that are not constrained to class. When using any of the Options interfaces, you must adhere to aforementioned options class constraints.

An alternative approach when using the options pattern is to bind the 'TransientFaultHandlingOptions' section and add it to the dependency injection service container. In the following code, TransientFaultHandlingOptions is added to the service container with Configure and bound to configuration:

Tip

The key parameter is the name of the configuration section to search for. It does not have to match the name of the type that represents it. For example, you could have a section named 'FaultHandling' and it could be represented by the TransientFaultHandlingOptions class. In this instance, you'd pass 'FaultHandling' to the GetSection function instead. The nameof operator is used as a convenience when the named section matches the type it corresponds to.

Using the preceding code, the following code reads the position options:

In the preceding code, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are not read. To read changes after the app has started, use IOptionsSnapshot.

Options interfaces

IOptions<TOptions>:

• Does not support:
  • Reading of configuration data after the app has started.
• Is registered as a Singleton and can be injected into any service lifetime.

IOptionsSnapshot<TOptions>:

• Is useful in scenarios where options should be recomputed on every injection resolution, in scoped or transient lifetimes. For more information, see Use IOptionsSnapshot to read updated data.
• Is registered as Scoped and therefore cannot be injected into a Singleton service.
• Supports named options

IOptionsMonitor<TOptions>:

• Is used to retrieve options and manage options notifications for TOptions instances.
• Is registered as a Singleton and can be injected into any service lifetime.
• Supports:
  • Change notifications
  • Selective options invalidation (IOptionsMonitorCache<TOptions>)

IOptionsFactory<TOptions> is responsible for creating new options instances. It has a single Create method. The default implementation takes all registered IConfigureOptions<TOptions> and IPostConfigureOptions<TOptions> and runs all the configurations first, followed by the post-configuration. It distinguishes between IConfigureNamedOptions<TOptions> and IConfigureOptions<TOptions> and only calls the appropriate interface.

IOptionsMonitorCache<TOptions> is used by IOptionsMonitor<TOptions> to cache TOptions instances. The IOptionsMonitorCache<TOptions> invalidates options instances in the monitor so that the value is recomputed (TryRemove). Values can be manually introduced with TryAdd. The Clear method is used when all named instances should be recreated on demand.

Options interfaces benefits

Using a generic wrapper type gives you the ability to decouple the lifetime of the option from the DI container. The IOptions<TOptions>.Value interface provides a layer of abstraction, including generic constraints, on your options type. This provides the following benefits:

• The evaluation of the T configuration instance is deferred to the accessing of IOptions<TOptions>.Value, rather than when it is injected. This is important because you can consume the T option from various places and choose the lifetime semantics without changing anything about T.
• When registering options of type T, you do not need to explicitly register the T type. This is a convenience when you're authoring a library with simple defaults, and you don't want to force the caller to register options into the DI container with a specific lifetime.
• From the perspective of the API, it allows for constraints on the type T (in this case, T is constrained to a reference type).

Use IOptionsSnapshot to read updated data

When you use IOptionsSnapshot<TOptions>, options are computed once per request when accessed and are cached for the lifetime of the request. Changes to the configuration are read after the app starts when using configuration providers that support reading updated configuration values.

The difference between IOptionsMonitor and IOptionsSnapshot is that:

• IOptionsMonitor is a singleton service that retrieves current option values at any time, which is especially useful in singleton dependencies.
• IOptionsSnapshot is a scoped service and provides a snapshot of the options at the time the IOptionsSnapshot<T> object is constructed. Options snapshots are designed for use with transient and scoped dependencies.

The following code uses IOptionsSnapshot<TOptions>.

The following code registers a configuration instance which TransientFaultHandlingOptions binds against:

In the preceding code, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are read.

IOptionsMonitor

The following code registers a configuration instance which TransientFaultHandlingOptions binds against.

The following example uses IOptionsMonitor<TOptions>:

In the preceding code, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are read.

Tip

Some file systems, such as Docker containers and network shares, may not reliably send change notifications. When using the IOptionsMonitor<TOptions> interface in these environments, set the DOTNET_USE_POLLING_FILE_WATCHER environment variable to 1 or true to poll the file system for changes. The interval at which changes are polled is every four seconds and is not configurable.

For more information on Docker containers, see Containerize a .NET app.

Named options support using IConfigureNamedOptions

Named options:

• Are useful when multiple configuration sections bind to the same properties.
• Are case-sensitive.

Consider the following appsettings.json file:

Rather than creating two classes to bind Features:Personalize and Features:WeatherStation,the following class is used for each section:

Patterns Cannot Contain Anything Painted With A Pattern

The following code configures the named options:

The following code displays the named options:

All options are named instances. IConfigureOptions<TOptions> instances are treated as targeting the Options.DefaultName instance, which is string.Empty. IConfigureNamedOptions<TOptions> also implements IConfigureOptions<TOptions>. The default implementation of the IOptionsFactory<TOptions> has logic to use each appropriately. The null named option is used to target all of the named instances instead of a specific named instance. ConfigureAll and PostConfigureAll use this convention.

OptionsBuilder API

OptionsBuilder<TOptions> is used to configure TOptions instances. OptionsBuilder streamlines creating named options as it's only a single parameter to the initial AddOptions<TOptions>(string optionsName) call instead of appearing in all of the subsequent calls. Options validation and the ConfigureOptions overloads that accept service dependencies are only available via OptionsBuilder.

OptionsBuilder is used in the Options validation section.

Use DI services to configure options

Services can be accessed from dependency injection while configuring options in two ways:

• Pass a configuration delegate to Configure on OptionsBuilder<TOptions>. OptionsBuilder<TOptions> provides overloads of Configure that allow use of up to five services to configure options:

• Create a type that implements IConfigureOptions<TOptions> or IConfigureNamedOptions<TOptions> and register the type as a service.

We recommend passing a configuration delegate to Configure, since creating a service is more complex. Creating a type is equivalent to what the framework does when calling Configure. Calling Configure registers a transient generic IConfigureNamedOptions<TOptions>, which has a constructor that accepts the generic service types specified.

Options validation

Options validation enables option values to be validated.

Consider the following appsettings.json file:

The following class binds to the 'Settings' configuration section and applies a couple of DataAnnotations rules:

The following code:

• Calls AddOptions to get an OptionsBuilder<TOptions> that binds to the SettingsOptions class.
• Calls ValidateDataAnnotations to enable validation using DataAnnotations.

The ValidateDataAnnotations extension method is defined in the Microsoft.Extensions.Options.DataAnnotations NuGet package.

The following code displays the configuration values or the validation errors:

The following code applies a more complex validation rule using a delegate:

IValidateOptions for complex validation

The following class implements IValidateOptions<TOptions>:

IValidateOptions enables moving the validation code into a class.

Using the preceding code, validation is enabled in ConfigureServices with the following code:

Options post-configuration

Set post-configuration with IPostConfigureOptions<TOptions>. Post-configuration runs after all IConfigureOptions<TOptions> configuration occurs, and can be useful in scenarios when you need to override configuration:

PostConfigure is available to post-configure named options:

Can I Wear Pattern On Pattern

Use PostConfigureAll to post-configure all configuration instances:

See also